3 results
Ten new insights in climate science 2021: a horizon scan
- Maria A. Martin, Olga Alcaraz Sendra, Ana Bastos, Nico Bauer, Christoph Bertram, Thorsten Blenckner, Kathryn Bowen, Paulo M. Brando, Tanya Brodie Rudolph, Milena Büchs, Mercedes Bustamante, Deliang Chen, Helen Cleugh, Purnamita Dasgupta, Fatima Denton, Jonathan F. Donges, Felix Kwabena Donkor, Hongbo Duan, Carlos M. Duarte, Kristie L. Ebi, Clea M. Edwards, Anja Engel, Eleanor Fisher, Sabine Fuss, Juliana Gaertner, Andrew Gettelman, Cécile A.J. Girardin, Nicholas R. Golledge, Jessica F. Green, Michael R. Grose, Masahiro Hashizume, Sophie Hebden, Helmke Hepach, Marina Hirota, Huang-Hsiung Hsu, Satoshi Kojima, Sharachchandra Lele, Sylvia Lorek, Heike K. Lotze, H. Damon Matthews, Darren McCauley, Desta Mebratu, Nadine Mengis, Rachael H. Nolan, Erik Pihl, Stefan Rahmstorf, Aaron Redman, Colleen E. Reid, Johan Rockström, Joeri Rogelj, Marielle Saunois, Lizzie Sayer, Peter Schlosser, Giles B. Sioen, Joachim H. Spangenberg, Detlef Stammer, Thomas N.S. Sterner, Nicola Stevens, Kirsten Thonicke, Hanqin Tian, Ricarda Winkelmann, James Woodcock
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- Journal:
- Global Sustainability / Volume 4 / 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 October 2021, e25
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- Article
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- Open access
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Non-technical summary
We summarize some of the past year's most important findings within climate change-related research. New research has improved our understanding about the remaining options to achieve the Paris Agreement goals, through overcoming political barriers to carbon pricing, taking into account non-CO2 factors, a well-designed implementation of demand-side and nature-based solutions, resilience building of ecosystems and the recognition that climate change mitigation costs can be justified by benefits to the health of humans and nature alone. We consider new insights about what to expect if we fail to include a new dimension of fire extremes and the prospect of cascading climate tipping elements.
Technical summaryA synthesis is made of 10 topics within climate research, where there have been significant advances since January 2020. The insights are based on input from an international open call with broad disciplinary scope. Findings include: (1) the options to still keep global warming below 1.5 °C; (2) the impact of non-CO2 factors in global warming; (3) a new dimension of fire extremes forced by climate change; (4) the increasing pressure on interconnected climate tipping elements; (5) the dimensions of climate justice; (6) political challenges impeding the effectiveness of carbon pricing; (7) demand-side solutions as vehicles of climate mitigation; (8) the potentials and caveats of nature-based solutions; (9) how building resilience of marine ecosystems is possible; and (10) that the costs of climate change mitigation policies can be more than justified by the benefits to the health of humans and nature.
Social media summaryHow do we limit global warming to 1.5 °C and why is it crucial? See highlights of latest climate science.
Cultural Dynamics, Deep Time, and Data: Planning Cyberinfrastructure Investments for Archaeology
- Keith W. Kintigh, Jeffrey H. Altschul, Ann P. Kinzig, W.Fredrick Limp, William K. Michener, Jeremy A. Sabloff, Edward J. Hackett, Timothy A. Kohler, Bertram Ludäscher, Clifford A. Lynch
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- Journal:
- Advances in Archaeological Practice / Volume 3 / Issue 1 / February 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 January 2017, pp. 1-15
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Archaeological data and research results are essential to addressing such fundamental questions as the origins of human culture; the origin, waxing, and waning of civilizations and cities; the response of societies to long-term climate changes; and the systemic relationships implicated in human-induced changes in the environment. However, we lack the capacity for acquiring, managing, analyzing, and synthesizing the data sets needed to address important questions such as these. We propose investments in computational infrastructure that would transform archaeology’s ability to advance research on the field’s most compelling questions with an evidential base and inferential rigor that have heretofore been impossible. At the same time, new infrastructure would make archaeological data accessible to researchers in other disciplines. We offer recommendations regarding data management and availability, cyberinfrastructure tool building, and social and cultural changes in the discipline. We propose funding synthetic case studies that would demonstrate archaeology’s ability to contribute to transdisciplinary research on long-term social dynamics and serve as a context for developing computational tools and analytical workflows that will be necessary to attack these questions. The case studies would explore how emerging research in computer science could empower this research and would simultaneously provide productive challenges for computer science research.
10 - Rapidly recurring seizures and status epilepticus: ictal density as a factor in epileptogenesis
- from Section 2 - Features of the epileptogenic brain
- Edited by Philip A. Schwartzkroin, University of Washington
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- Book:
- Epilepsy
- Published online:
- 03 May 2010
- Print publication:
- 17 June 1993, pp 323-356
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Summary
Introduction
The frequency with which seizures occur has received little attention as a factor in epileptogenesis. As a result, there is sparse information relating to the question of whether widely spaced seizures and status epilepticus activate the same pathophysiological processes or whether each is associated with its own particular set of events; it is also not known whether seizures and status epilepticus lead to the same acute and chronic sequelae. In addition, events involved in the progression from isolated seizures to status epilepticus have not been identified.
Over the past several years our laboratory has examined these questions. In order to have precise control over the site of origin and timing of seizures we have used electrical stimulation through electrodes stereotactically positioned in the hippocampal formation of rats. Our work has revealed that small differences in the timing of seizure recurrence can give rise to different sorts of epileptic response. As a consequence various models of epilepsy have emerged. Each is suited to investigate the questions germane to its own particular kind of epileptic condition. However, by comparing results among the models, a number of other broader issues can be explored. Much of our work has utilized awake animals, but we have also extended the models to rats anesthetized with urethane. This extension allows certain studies that are difficult or impossible to perform in the awake rat.